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=Antonio Caso Andrade (December 19, 1883 – March 6, 1946) was a Mexican philosopher and rector of the former //Universidad Nacional de México//, nowadays known as the UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MÉXICO from December 1921 to August 1923. Along with Jose Vasconcelos, he founded the "Ateneo de la Juventud", a humanist group against philosophical positivism. The Athenian generation opposed Augusted Compte and Herbert Spencer’s philosophical views, giving credence to and expanding on the ideas of Henri Bergson, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Jose Enrique Ródo. Andrade opposed rationalism. His group the //ateneistas// believed in a moral, willing, and spiritual individual being. =

In the summer of 1909, Caso presented his critiques of positivism in a series of conferences later expanded in the third edition by the Athenians of Youth. He was inspired by the Christian philosophical tradition, in particular by Blaise Pascal and Tolstoy. Caso distinguishes three aspects of human existence: economic, aesthetic, and moral. Caso refuted Gabino Barreda’s thesis and the first Justo Sierra that the future of Mexico was built primarily on basis of a scientific doctrine. In the work "Catholicism, Jacobinism and Positivism" included in the book "Discursos a la nación mexicana". Caso deepens his criticism of two of the hegemonic ideologies in the late nineteenth century: Jacobinism (or extreme liberalism) and positivism. The supporters of the first accuse them of ignoring reality, while those in the second get the blame for the alleged inevitability of reality. In his book //El problema de México y la ideología nacional//, published in 1924, Caso argues Mexico’s biggest problem is the lack of unity (racial, cultural and social). Towards the end of his life, Caso was influenced by the philosophies of Husserl, Scheler, and Heidegger, especially Husserl, whose ideas were reflected in the book //La filosofía de Husserl, El acto ideatorio, La persona humana y el estado totalitario y El peligro del hombre.// =​ ​= =Abraham López Plazola 507 = = = = =

=Reference=

= = =1.- KRAUZE de KOLTENIUK, Rosa (1990) //La filosofía de Antonio Caso//; México, ed.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. = = 2.- Antonio Castro Leal (1975). Semblanzas de académicos (ed.): « [|Nuestros centenarios: humanistas mexicanos]» págs. 313. México: Ediciones del Centenario de la Academia Mexicana. =